1913

Bird then goes in front of Chief Justice Gordon Hunter, who upholds their appeal. Even 4 of the 39 who had been ordered deported for medical reasons, escape from detention and cannot be found. Hunter’s word is final, and the remainder of the 39 passengers are released.

In November of this year, the Ghadar Party is formed in Astoria Oregon, branching off from the Hindustanee Association, which has branches in Astoria, Vancouver and San Francisco. The Ghadar party is a radical Indian Nationalist revolutionary group, which fights against British colonization of India. On November 1st, 1913 they publish their first Newspaper, the “Ghadar.”